Indian Crop Calendar for Buyers
See when each Indian crop is sown, harvested and reaches the market, and when supply is at its widest, so you can plan orders and book new crop on time.
Crop Calendar: Sowing to New Crop
| Crop | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oilseeds | ||||||||||||
| Groundnut (kharif) | ||||||||||||
| Groundnut (summer) | ||||||||||||
| Sesame (kharif) | ||||||||||||
| Sesame (summer) | ||||||||||||
| Chia | ||||||||||||
| Flax (linseed) | ||||||||||||
| Soybean | ||||||||||||
| Rapeseed-mustard | ||||||||||||
| Spices | ||||||||||||
| Cumin | ||||||||||||
| Coriander | ||||||||||||
| Fennel | ||||||||||||
| Fenugreek | ||||||||||||
| Nigella (kalonji) | ||||||||||||
| Turmeric | ||||||||||||
| Ginger (dry) | ||||||||||||
| Psyllium (isabgol) | ||||||||||||
| Grains | ||||||||||||
| Quinoa | ||||||||||||
| Wheat | ||||||||||||
| Maize (kharif) | ||||||||||||
| Maize (rabi) | ||||||||||||
| Jowar (sorghum) | ||||||||||||
| Rice (for DORB) | ||||||||||||
| Pulses | ||||||||||||
| Chickpea (chana) | ||||||||||||
| Moong (kharif) | ||||||||||||
| Moong (summer) | ||||||||||||
| Urad | ||||||||||||
| Tur (pigeon pea) | ||||||||||||
| Lentil (masur) | ||||||||||||
| Field peas | ||||||||||||
| Bajra (pearl millet) | ||||||||||||
| Vegetables | ||||||||||||
| Onion | ||||||||||||
| Garlic | ||||||||||||
| Potato | ||||||||||||
- Groundnut (kharif) · Kharif
Sowing Jun–Jul · Harvest Sep–Nov · New crop Oct–Dec - Groundnut (summer) · Zaid / summer
Sowing Jan–Feb · Harvest Apr–Jun · New crop May–Jun - Sesame (kharif) · Kharif
Sowing Jul · Harvest Sep–Nov · New crop Oct–Nov - Sesame (summer) · Zaid / summer
Sowing Feb · Harvest May–Jun · New crop May–Jun - Cumin · Rabi
Sowing Oct–Dec · Harvest Feb–Apr · New crop Mar - Coriander · Rabi
Sowing Oct–Nov · Harvest Jan–Apr · New crop Feb–Mar - Fennel · Rabi
Sowing Oct · Harvest Feb–Apr · New crop Mar–Apr - Fenugreek · Rabi
Sowing Oct–Nov · Harvest Feb–Mar · New crop Feb–Apr - Nigella (kalonji) · Rabi
Sowing Oct · Harvest Feb–Apr · New crop Mar–Apr - Turmeric · Kharif (long duration)
Sowing Jun–Jul · Harvest Jan–Apr · New crop Jan–Jun - Ginger (dry) · Kharif (long duration)
Sowing Apr–May · Harvest Dec–Feb · New crop Jan–Mar - Psyllium (isabgol) · Rabi
Sowing Nov · Harvest Feb–Apr · New crop Mar–Apr - Chia · Rabi
Sowing Oct–Dec · Harvest Feb–Mar · New crop Mar - Flax (linseed) · Rabi
Sowing Oct–Nov · Harvest Feb–Mar · New crop Mar–Apr - Quinoa · Rabi
Sowing Oct–Dec · Harvest Feb–Mar · New crop Mar - Chickpea (chana) · Rabi
Sowing Oct–Nov · Harvest Feb–Apr · New crop Mar–May - Moong (kharif) · Kharif
Sowing Jun–Jul · Harvest Sep–Oct · New crop Sep–Nov - Moong (summer) · Zaid / summer
Sowing Mar–Apr · Harvest Jun · New crop Jun - Urad · Kharif (and rabi)
Sowing Jun–Jul · Harvest Sep–Oct · New crop Oct - Tur (pigeon pea) · Kharif (long duration)
Sowing Jun–Jul · Harvest Dec–Feb · New crop Jan–Mar - Lentil (masur) · Rabi
Sowing Oct–Nov · Harvest Feb–Apr · New crop Mar–Apr - Field peas · Rabi
Sowing Oct–Nov · Harvest Feb–Mar · New crop Mar - Wheat · Rabi
Sowing Oct–Dec · Harvest Mar–May · New crop Apr–Jun - Maize (kharif) · Kharif (~60%)
Sowing Jun–Jul · Harvest Sep–Nov · New crop Oct–Dec - Maize (rabi) · Rabi
Sowing Oct–Nov · Harvest Mar–May · New crop Apr–May - Bajra (pearl millet) · Kharif; Gujarat summer
Sowing Jun–Jul (kharif) · Feb–Mar (summer) · Harvest Sep–Oct · May–Jun · New crop Oct · Jun - Jowar (sorghum) · Kharif and rabi
Sowing Jun–Jul · Sep–Oct · Harvest Sep–Nov · Feb–Mar · New crop Oct–Nov · Mar - Onion · Kharif, late kharif, rabi (~70%)
Sowing Jun–Jul · Aug–Sep · Nov–Dec · Harvest Sep–Nov · Jan–Feb · Mar–May · New crop Oct–Dec · Jan–Mar · Mar–May - Garlic · Rabi
Sowing Oct–Nov · Harvest Feb–Apr · New crop Mar–Apr - Potato · Rabi
Sowing Oct–Nov · Harvest Jan–Mar · New crop Feb–Mar - Soybean · Kharif
Sowing Jun–Jul · Harvest Sep–Oct · New crop Oct - Rapeseed-mustard · Rabi
Sowing Oct–Nov · Harvest Feb–Mar · New crop Mar–Apr - Rice (for DORB) · Kharif and rabi
Sowing Jun–Jul · Harvest Oct–Jan · New crop Nov onward
New crop this month
Typical months for a normal season. Monsoon timing, rainfall and state can move them by 2–4 weeks.
What Crop Is New in Each Month
The crops whose new harvest reaches Indian markets in each month.
| Month | New crop arriving |
|---|---|
| January | Turmeric, tur (pigeon pea), dry ginger, late-kharif onion, potato |
| February | Coriander, fenugreek, potato, mustard, early chickpea and psyllium |
| March | Cumin, fennel, psyllium, chia, flax, quinoa, lentil, field peas, chickpea, garlic, mustard, rabi onion |
| April | Wheat, chickpea, cumin, fennel, nigella, rabi maize, rabi onion, garlic |
| May | Wheat, summer groundnut, summer sesame, rabi maize |
| June | Summer groundnut, summer sesame, summer moong, Gujarat summer bajra |
| July–August | Few new crops (monsoon sowing); trade runs on rabi and summer stocks |
| September | Kharif moong, early kharif maize, early groundnut |
| October | Groundnut, sesame, moong, urad, soybean, maize, bajra, jowar, kharif onion |
| November | Groundnut, sesame, maize, kharif onion |
| December | Groundnut, maize, first dry ginger and tur |
Derived from the crop timing table below.
Sowing, Harvest and New-Crop Months by Crop
Typical months for India's main growing states in a normal season.
| Crop | Season | Sowing | Harvest | New-crop arrivals | Peak supply |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groundnut (kharif) | Kharif | Jun–Jul | Sep–Nov | Oct–Dec | Nov–Feb |
| Groundnut (summer) | Zaid / summer | Jan–Feb | Apr–Jun | May–Jun | Jun–Jul |
| Sesame (kharif) | Kharif | Jul | Sep–Nov | Oct–Nov | Nov–Jan |
| Sesame (summer) | Zaid / summer | Feb | May–Jun | May–Jun | Jun–Aug |
| Cumin | Rabi | Oct–Dec | Feb–Apr | Mar | Mar–May |
| Coriander | Rabi | Oct–Nov | Jan–Apr | Feb–Mar | Mar–May |
| Fennel | Rabi | Oct | — | Mar–Apr | Apr–Jun |
| Fenugreek | Rabi | Oct–Nov | Feb–Mar | Feb–Apr | Mar–May |
| Nigella (kalonji) | Rabi | Oct | Feb–Apr | Mar–Apr | Apr–Jun |
| Turmeric | Kharif (long duration) | Jun–Jul | Jan–Apr | Jan–Jun | Feb–May |
| Ginger (dry) | Kharif (long duration) | Apr–May | Dec–Feb | Jan–Mar | Feb–Apr |
| Psyllium (isabgol) | Rabi | Nov | Feb–Apr | Mar–Apr | Mar–Jun |
| Chia | Rabi | Oct–Dec | Feb–Mar | Mar | Mar–May |
| Flax (linseed) | Rabi | Oct–Nov | Feb–Mar | Mar–Apr | Mar–May |
| Quinoa | Rabi | Oct–Dec | Feb–Mar | Mar | Mar–May |
| Chickpea (chana) | Rabi | Oct–Nov | Feb–Apr | Mar–May | Mar–Jun |
| Moong (kharif) | Kharif | Jun–Jul | Sep–Oct | Sep–Nov | Oct–Dec |
| Moong (summer) | Zaid / summer | Mar–Apr | Jun | Jun | Jun–Jul |
| Urad | Kharif (and rabi) | Jun–Jul | Sep–Oct | Oct | Oct–Dec |
| Tur (pigeon pea) | Kharif (long duration) | Jun–Jul | Dec–Feb | Jan–Mar | Jan–Apr |
| Lentil (masur) | Rabi | Oct–Nov | Feb–Apr | Mar–Apr | Mar–May |
| Field peas | Rabi | Oct–Nov | Feb–Mar | Mar | Mar–May |
| Wheat | Rabi | Oct–Dec | Mar–May | Apr–Jun | Apr–Jul |
| Maize (kharif) | Kharif (~60%) | Jun–Jul | Sep–Nov | Oct–Dec | Oct–Jan |
| Maize (rabi) | Rabi | Oct–Nov | Mar–May | Apr–May | Apr–Jun |
| Bajra (pearl millet) | Kharif; Gujarat summer | Jun–Jul (kharif) · Feb–Mar (summer) | Sep–Oct · May–Jun | Oct · Jun | Oct–Dec · Jun–Jul |
| Jowar (sorghum) | Kharif and rabi | Jun–Jul · Sep–Oct | Sep–Nov · Feb–Mar | Oct–Nov · Mar | Oct–Dec · Mar–Apr |
| Onion | Kharif, late kharif, rabi (~70%) | Jun–Jul · Aug–Sep · Nov–Dec | Sep–Nov · Jan–Feb · Mar–May | Oct–Dec · Jan–Mar · Mar–May | Mar–Jun (rabi onion, best for dehydration) |
| Garlic | Rabi | Oct–Nov | Feb–Apr | Mar–Apr | Mar–Jun |
| Potato | Rabi | Oct–Nov | Jan–Mar | Feb–Mar | Feb–May (cold-stored to Oct) |
| Soybean | Kharif | Jun–Jul | Sep–Oct | Oct | Oct–Mar (meal) |
| Rapeseed-mustard | Rabi | Oct–Nov | Feb–Mar | Mar–Apr | Mar–Aug (meal) |
| Rice (for DORB) | Kharif and rabi | Jun–Jul | Oct–Jan | Nov onward | Year-round (bran from milling) |
Sources: NCDEX commodity notes (sesame, cumin, coriander, turmeric, moong, mustard); FAO GIEWS (wheat, maize, rice); PIB (onion); NMPB (psyllium); Spices Board / IISR (ginger); state university and trade sources for the rest.
Where Each Crop Grows and Trades
| Crop | Main states | Key markets (mandis) | Our products |
|---|---|---|---|
| Groundnut (kharif) | Gujarat (Saurashtra), Rajasthan, AP | — | Peanuts, groundnut DOC |
| Groundnut (summer) | Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka | — | TJ / Java peanuts |
| Sesame (kharif) | Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP, UP, West Bengal | — | Sesame seeds |
| Sesame (summer) | Gujarat, West Bengal | Gujarat mandis | Sesame seeds |
| Cumin | Gujarat, Rajasthan | Unjha | Cumin seeds |
| Coriander | Rajasthan, MP, Gujarat | — | Coriander seeds |
| Fennel | Gujarat, Rajasthan | Unjha | Fennel seeds |
| Fenugreek | Rajasthan, Gujarat, MP | — | Fenugreek seeds |
| Turmeric | Telangana, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu | Nizamabad, Erode, Sangli | Turmeric finger, powder |
| Ginger (dry) | Kerala, Karnataka, North-East | — | Dry ginger, slices, powder |
| Psyllium (isabgol) | Gujarat, Rajasthan | Unjha | Psyllium seeds, husk |
| Flax (linseed) | MP, Chhattisgarh, UP | — | Flax seeds |
| Chickpea (chana) | MP, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Gujarat | — | Kabuli, desi, roasted chickpeas |
| Moong (kharif) | Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka | — | Green moong, moong mogar |
| Moong (summer) | MP, Punjab, Bihar, Gujarat | — | Green moong |
| Urad | MP, UP, Maharashtra, AP | — | Urad |
| Tur (pigeon pea) | Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat | — | Pigeon peas |
| Lentil (masur) | MP, UP, Bihar | — | Red and green lentils |
| Field peas | UP, MP | — | Green peas (dried) |
| Wheat | UP, MP, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat | MP and Gujarat mandis | Wheat grain, wheat flour |
| Maize (kharif) | Karnataka, MP, Maharashtra, Bihar | — | Corn grain, grits, flour, feed maize |
| Maize (rabi) | Bihar, AP, Telangana | — | Corn grain, feed maize |
| Bajra (pearl millet) | Rajasthan, Gujarat, UP, Haryana | Gujarat and Rajasthan mandis | Millet grain, millet meal |
| Jowar (sorghum) | Maharashtra, Karnataka | — | Millet grain |
| Onion | Maharashtra, MP, Karnataka, Gujarat (Mahuva) | Lasalgaon, Mahuva | Dehydrated onion |
| Garlic | MP, Rajasthan, Gujarat | — | Dehydrated garlic |
| Potato | UP, West Bengal, Gujarat (Deesa) | — | Potato flakes, powder |
| Soybean | MP, Maharashtra, Rajasthan | Indore, Latur | Soyabean meal |
| Rapeseed-mustard | Rajasthan, UP, Haryana, Gujarat | — | Rapeseed meal |
| Rice (for DORB) | West Bengal, Punjab, UP, Odisha | — | De-oiled rice bran |
Gujarat's Unjha (cumin, fennel, psyllium), Rajkot and Gondal (groundnut, sesame) and Mahuva (onion for dehydration) are close to our Jamnagar base.
India's Three Crop Seasons
Indian farming follows the monsoon. Kharif crops (groundnut, sesame, soybean, moong, urad, maize, bajra, cotton) are sown with the June–July rains and harvested from September to November. Rabi crops (wheat, chickpea, cumin, coriander, mustard, lentil, psyllium) are sown in October–December and harvested from February to April. Zaid or summer crops, such as summer groundnut, summer sesame and summer moong, grow on irrigation between the two and are harvested in May–June.
A good or poor monsoon moves kharif output sharply, and winter temperatures decide rabi yields. That is why prices of cumin, sesame and groundnut can swing widely between crop years.
How to Use the Calendar When You Buy
- Book new crop 4–6 weeks before arrivals peak: we can fix quality and price before the season starts.
- Buy in the peak supply window for the widest choice of grades and lots.
- Allow 2–4 weeks from harvest to export: cleaning, sorting, testing and documents take time.
- Watch the monsoon (June–September) for kharif crops and winter weather for rabi crops.
- Plan end-of-season orders early: stocks of the old crop run low just before the new harvest.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What are kharif, rabi and zaid crops?
Kharif crops are sown with the June–July monsoon and harvested in September–November; rabi crops are sown in October–December and harvested in February–April; zaid (summer) crops grow on irrigation between them and are harvested in May–June.
Which crops are harvested in India in March?
March brings new cumin, fennel, psyllium, chia, flax, lentils, field peas, chickpeas, garlic, mustard and rabi onion, and wheat harvesting starts at the end of the month.
When is cumin harvested in India?
Cumin is a rabi crop sown in October–December and harvested from February to April. New cumin reaches Unjha, India's main cumin market, from March, with peak supply in March–May.
When is the sesame harvest in India?
India has two sesame crops: the kharif crop, harvested in September–November (arrivals from October), and the summer crop in Gujarat and West Bengal, harvested in May–June.
When is the new groundnut crop in India?
About 90% of India's groundnuts come from the kharif crop, harvested in September–November, with new-crop kernels from October–December. A smaller summer crop is harvested in April–June.
When is the best time to buy Indian spices and pulses?
Buy in the peak supply window after harvest, for example March–May for cumin, coriander and chickpeas, and book 4–6 weeks before arrivals peak to fix quality and price early.
When is turmeric harvested in India?
Turmeric is harvested from January to April, and fresh turmeric arrives in Nizamabad, Erode and Sangli from mid-January through June.
Does Elysium Agri supply new crop?
Yes. We buy new crop as it arrives in Gujarat and other growing states, and can book your order before the season. Ask us for a new-crop quote.
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